![]() Animals completely different from each share the same similarities for different functions. 'What could be more curious than that the hand of man formed for grasping, that of a mole, for digging, the leg of a horse, the paddle of a porpoise and the wing of a bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern and should include similar bones and in the same relative positions?’.This pattern has persisted in all terrestrial vertebrates, and aquatic vertebrates such as seals.The limb in amphibians had 3 parts: hand/foot, with five digits (fingers/toes), a lower limb containing two bones, and an upper limb containing one bone.Amphibians immediate ancestors were fleshy-finned fish.Vertebrates (animals with backbones) evolved from primitive amphibians.Typical limb of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.The students are given homologous structures to examine and color code, then analogous structures to compare. ![]() It could also be used as a middle school intro to this concept. I used this with remedial students and English Language Learners. The more closely the organisms are related, the more similar the homologous structures between organisms. The Guided Notes are a separate, free resource you will need to also download if using.Paralogous genes often belong to the same species, but not always. This is because they are similar characteristically and even functionally, but evolved from different ancestral roots. The common ancestry of the species can be seen in the structure and development of homologous structures, even if their function is different. analogy: The wings of pterosaurs (1), bats (2), and birds (3) are analogous as wings, but homologous as forelimbs.These similarities between these structures are evidence that life on Earth has a common ancestor that the present species have evolved from over time. Although they are used differently, the basic skeletal structure is the same.The forelimbs of humans and bats are homologous structures.May not perform the same function but they share a common ancestral origin.Structures derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin.Homologous Structures Erica, Nao, Christian and Justine
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